PCOS
Causes and Risk Factors of PCOS
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is primarily caused by hormonal imbalances and genetic predisposition, leading to irregular menstrual cycles and metabolic disturbances. While the exact cause is unclear, several key factors contribute to its development.
PCOS is mainly driven by excess androgen levels (male hormones), which disrupt ovulation, leading to irregular periods, acne, and excessive hair growth. Additionally, insulin resistance plays a crucial role, where the body’s cells fail to respond properly to insulin, resulting in high insulin levels. This stimulates the ovaries to produce more androgens, worsening symptoms.
PCOS often runs in families, suggesting a strong genetic link. If a mother or sister has PCOS, there is a higher likelihood of developing the condition. Researchers believe multiple genes contribute to this disorder, affecting hormone production and metabolism.
Common Symptoms and Health Complications
The most noticeable symptoms of PCOS include irregular menstrual cycles, excessive hair growth (hirsutism), acne, weight gain, and difficulty in conceiving. PCOS can also lead to long-term health risks such as type 2 diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure, and endometrial cancer if left unmanaged. It is also linked to mental health concerns like anxiety and depression.
Complications of PCOS
Untreated PCOS can lead to several health complications, including:
- Infertility – Due to irregular ovulation.
- Type 2 Diabetes – Insulin resistance increases the risk.
- High Blood Pressure & Heart Disease – PCOS increases cardiovascular risks.
- Endometrial Cancer – Due to irregular shedding of the uterine lining.
- Obesity-Related Issues – Sleep apnea, fatty liver, and metabolic disorders.
- Depression & Anxiety – Hormonal imbalances and body image concerns.
Hormonal Imbalance
- Excess Androgens: High levels of male hormones interfere with ovulation and cause symptoms like acne and excessive hair growth.
- Insulin Resistance: The body’s cells become resistant to insulin, leading to higher insulin levels, which stimulate the ovaries to produce more androgens.
- Low Progesterone Levels: Irregular ovulation leads to lower levels of progesterone, contributing to menstrual irregularities.